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A
Absorption
The act or process of retaining foreign particles such
as gas or liquid without transmission of these particles.
AIA
American Institute of Architects.
Apron Flashing
A flashing located at the low end of a curb or penetration.
ASTM
American Society for Testing and Materials.
E
Exposure
The portion of the membrane that is not overlapped by
the succeeding ply or course. Or, the portion of the
roofing material exposed to the weather after being installed.
Strictly the area, but more commonly the length, of the
exposed part of the slate.
Eyebrow
A small, shed roof protruding from the main roof or
located on the side of a building below the level of
the main roof.
F
Felt
A roofing sheet made of interwoven fibers. The fibers
can be wood or vegetable for Organic Felts, glass fibers
for fiberglass felts, polyester, or asbestos.
Flashing
Sheets of metal or other material used to weatherproof
joints, edges, etc., especially of a roof.
Flashing Collar
A flashing component used to seal soil pipe vents, hot
stacks or other roof penetrations.
G
Gable
The triangular wall enclosed by the sloping ends of
a ridged roof.
Gable Roof
A ridged roof forming a gable at each end.
Gable-On-Hip Roof
A roof configuration with hips coming up from the eave
corners that terminate into a gable roof.
Gambrel Roof
A roof with two slopes on each of the two sides, the
lower steeper than the other.
Gutter
A channel (usually sheet metal) installed along the
downslope perimeter of a roof to convey runoff water
from the roof to the drain leaders or downspouts.
H
Headlap
The distance that the topmost ply of roofing felt overlaps
the undermost ply or course.In double lap slating (the
normal method), the amount by which a stone slate overlaps
the stone slate in the course next but one below. In single
lap slating such as diamond pattern, it is the amount
by which each slate overlaps the one immediately below.
Hip
The angle formed by the intersection of two sloping
roof planes.
Hip Roof
A roof that rises by inclined planes on all sides of
a building. The line where two adjacent sloping sides
of a roof meet is called the Hip.
M
Margin
see Headlap
Mansard
(1) A steep-sloped roof located at the perimeter of
a building and usually used for decorative purposes.
(2) The upper story formed by the lower slope of a mansard
roof.
Mansard Roof
A roof with two sides on each of the four sides, the
lower steeper than the upper // A steeper roof that terminates
into a lower sloped roof at its high point.
Modified Bitumen
A bitumen modified by one or more polymers such as Atactic
Polypropylene (APP), styrene butadiene styrene (SBS).
P
Patina, of copper
A fine crust or film on bronze or copper, usually green
or greenish-blue, formed by natural oxidation and often
valued as being ornamental.
Pitch
The angle of the rafters to the horizontal. The pitch
of the stone slates will be significantly less because
they are resting on each other, but this is taken into
account by the traditional rafter pitch and lap relationship
for the slate and the locality.
Pitch Pocket
(A.K.A. Pitch Pan): A flanged piece of flashing material
placed around irregularly shaped roof penetrations and
filled with grout and a pourable sealer to seal around
the penetration in order to seal it from against moisture
entry. Pitch pockets are a good source of leaks and should
be avoided if possible. For an example on how to properly
fill a pitch pocket.
R
Ridge
The line where two planes of roof intersect, forming
the highest point on the roof that runs the entire length
of the roof.
Ridge Cap
Material applied over the ridge or hip of a roof.
Ridge Course
The final course of roofing applied that covers the
area where two or more roof planes intersect.
Ridge Vent
An exhaust venting device located at the ridge of a
roof that works in conjunction with a starter or under
eave soffit vent and is used to ventilate attics. Ridge
vents and their cooperative starter or soffit vents should
be installed at a 1:1 ratio in order to function properly.
Rivet
A metal bolt or pin with a head on one end used to fasten
layers together by being inserted through holes.
Roof Jack
(1) A steel bracket fastened to the roof that is used
to support toe boards. (2) A term used to describe a
Pipe Boot or Flashing Collar.
Roof Overhang
That portion of the roof that extends beyond the exterior
wall line of the building.
Roof Slope
The angle made by the roof surface plane with the horizontal
plane and expressed as the amount of vertical rise for
every twelve inch (12") horizontal run. For instance,
a roof that rises four inches (4") for every twelve
inch (12") horizontal run, is expressed as having
a "four in twelve" slope; often written as
"4:12." Expressed as a percentage, the slope
would be 33%, which is equal to 4 divided by 12. Also
known as the Pitch of a roof.
S
Slate
Slate a hard, fine-grained metamorphic rock that cleaves
naturally into thin, smooth-layered surfaces used in
steep slope roofing applications.
Side lap
The amount by which a stone slate overlaps the stone
slate in the course below // The longitudinal overlap
of neighboring materials.
Slating Hook
A hook-shaped device used to secure roofing slate.
Slope
The angle of incline of a roof expressed as a percent
or as a ratio of rise
to run.
Starter Course
The primary course of roofing materials. The Starter
course is installed along the downslope perimeter edge
and usually covered by the first course of roofing.
Solder
A metal alloy used when melted for joining or patching
metal parts of surfaces.
Soffit
The horizontal underside of an eave, cornice, etc.
T
Tail
see Headlap
V
Verdigris
A green or greenish-blue coating that forms on brass,
bronze, or copper.
W
Weathering
The process by which rocks are broken down and decomposed
by the action of external agencies such as wind, rain,
temperature changes, plants and bacteria. In the development
of weathered stone slates, it is often very thin clay
or mica beds which are weathered out.
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